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Nature is a fascinating source of inspiration for the design of numerous functional structures in the micro and nanoscale: the spider‘s web; the fibrous structures on the soles of geckos‘ feet, which allow them to climb smooth surfaces; the hollow fibers in polar bears‘ fur, which capture incident sunlight and transfer heat to the dark skin.
Small but highly complex structures offer a significant advantage over large ones, related to an increase in surface area.
One area where dimensions in the nanometre range induce an increase in performance is the filtration.
The filtration of air and liquids is a physical phenomenon: particles larger than the average pore size are blocked in the so-called ‘sieve effect‘. The efficiency of filtration depends on the size of the pores, which in turn is related to the size of the fiber diameter.
Generally, the pore size is three to four times larger than the average fiber diameter. This means that the pore size decreases as the fibers become thinner while, as a result, the filtration efficiency increases.
Pollution by dispersed particulate matter, solid and liquid particles released into the air, is the most harmful. It can in fact cause various adverse effects on human health due to its ability to penetrate deeply into the respiratory and cardiovascular system causing minor, acute or chronic irritations, lung neoplasms or worsening pre-existing heart and lung diseases.
The primary sources of PM are industrial emissions, domestic combustion, intensive road transport, and secondary nitrates and sulfates. Some contaminants such as pollen and microorganisms can also be carried by particulate matter and aggravate the aforementioned pathologic conditions.
Larger particles, with diameters greater than 10 microns, can be easily removed from the air we breathe using scrubbers, sedimentation tanks and cyclone filters. PM10 can be easily blocked by the mucous membranes of the nasal cavities, while the finest particles (with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, i.e. PM2.5) penetrate deep into the lungs and are technically more difficult to remove from the air.
Neatess®, the organic cotton-based filtering membrane manufactured by Invenio using the Electrospinning technique, now has two fields of application: one related to PPE and masks, already materialized, and the other related to air filtration, currently under study.
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Via Emilio Ciocca 24/26 – Codogno (LO), Italy
VAT No. 1130650967 | info@inveniosolutions.it
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Design by A2 Lab